集群运维自动化工具ansible的安装与使用(包括模块与playbook使用)第1/2页
我使用过puppet与salt,但这2个软件都需要安装客户端,并且更新很快,每次更新都是令人蛋疼的事,尤其是salt,喜欢他的命令功能,但bug太多,不敢在公司线上使用,puppet虽然稳定,但弄命令执行的时候,需要mco配置,非常麻烦,我公司由于跟多家公司合作,很多业务没办法安装客户端,所以没办法使用puppet与salt(虽然salt有ssh,但不太好使),最后找到了ansible,他既有命令执行也有配置管理,关键开发它的语言是python,paramiko进行ssh连接,跟我之前开发的自动管理软件都是使用paramiko进行操作,不需要安装客户端,满足我的需求,下面给大家介绍一下我是如何使用的。
一、安装
1、安装第三方epel源
centos 5的epel
rpm -ivh http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
centos 6的epel
rpm -ivh http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
查看系统版本
17:01:30 # cat /etc/issue CentOS release 6.5 (Final) Kernel \r on an \m
由于是6版本所以安装6的epel
2、安装ansible
yum install ansible
如果需要自定义module或者想阅读源码、使用最新版本,可以去github里下载源码
git clone https://github.com/ansible/ansible.git
3、添加主机
17:22:08 # cd /etc/ansible/ root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible 17:23:27 # ll total 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5113 Dec 29 03:00 ansible.cfg -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 965 Dec 29 03:00 hosts 其中ansible.cfg是配置文件,hosts是管理主机信息 17:24:44 # cat hosts 172.17.0.2:49154 172.17.0.4:49155 [zabbix] 172.17.0.2:49154 172.17.0.4:49155 [vpn] 172.17.0.10
4、使用密码登陆
ansible支持正则测试
16:20:57 # ansible 127* -m ping SSH password: 127.0.0.1 | success { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible 16:21:05 # ansible 172* -m ping SSH password: 172.17.0.5 | success { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } 172.17.0.4 | success { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } 172.17.0.2 | success { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" }
如果你有多台服务器的话,想并发运行,可以使用-f参数,默认是并发5
5、使用密钥登陆测试
11:30:35 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "echo $TERM" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 xterm
二、模块应用
6、文件传输
11:30:44 # ansible vpn -m copy -a "src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success { "changed": true, "dest": "/tmp/server", "gid": 505, "group": "test", "md5sum": "e8b32bc4d7b564ac6075a1418ad8841e", "mode": "0664", "owner": "test", "size": 7, "src": "/home/test/.ansible/tmp/ansible-1402630447.45-253524136818424/source", "state": "file", "uid": 503 }
去客户端查看文件是否传输过来
11:34:57 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 total 76 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 3124 Jun 12 21:32 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 12 21:32 zabbix_agentd.pid
可以看到已经传过来了
看看文件内容
11:35:09 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "cat /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 server
内容正常
还有另外一个模块file,可以修改用户与权限
下面是当前文件状态
13:50:07 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 13 19:33 /tmp/server
server文件是664权限,用户与组都是test
修改一下
13:51:17 # ansible vpn -m file -a "dest=/tmp/server mode=755 owner=root group=root" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success { "changed": true, "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0755", "owner": "root", "path": "/tmp/server", "size": 7, "state": "file", "uid": 0 } root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible 13:51:31 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 /tmp/server
7、安装软件
14:20:30 # ansible vpn -m yum -a "name=nmap state=installed" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success { "changed": true, "msg": "", "rc": 0, "results": [ "Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * epel: mirrors.hust.edu.cn\nSetting up Install Process\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package nmap.x86_64 2:5.51-3.el6 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package Arch Version Repository Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n nmap x86_64 2:5.51-3.el6 Base 2.7 M\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall 1 Package(s)\n\nTotal download size: 2.7 M\nInstalled size: 9.7 M\nDownloading Packages:\nRunning rpm_check_debug\nRunning Transaction Test\nTransaction Test Succeeded\nRunning Transaction\n\r Installing : 2:nmap-5.51-3.el6.x86_64 1/1 \n\r Verifying : 2:nmap-5.51-3.el6.x86_64 1/1 \n\nInstalled:\n nmap.x86_64 2:5.51-3.el6 \n\nComplete!\n" ] }
三、playbook配置管理
8、playbook
A.进行一下shell模块操作,测试删除文件
先查看一下客户端的server-test是否存在
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 00:37 /tmp/server-test
可以看到是存在的
然后写一个删除的playbook
[root@puppet ansible]# cat test.yml --- - hosts: vpn remote_user: test tasks: - name: delete /tmp/server-test shell: rm -rf /tmp/server-test
运行
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook test.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [delete /tmp/server-test] *********************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
在查看
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | FAILED | rc=2 ls: cannot access /tmp/server-test: No such file or directory
文件已经删除
B.进行一下template模块操作,测试文件传输
[root@puppet ansible]# cat copy.yml --- - hosts: vpn remote_user: test tasks: - name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/server-test [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 /tmp/server-test
C.使用service模块,测试一下服务重启
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "/etc/init.d/pptpd stop" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k -K -s SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 Shutting down pptpd: [ OK ] [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "/etc/init.d/pptpd stop" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k -K -s SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 Shutting down pptpd: [ OK ]
D.多项目同时更新
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 total 84 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid [root@puppet ansible]# vim multi_copy.yml [root@puppet ansible]# cat multi_copy.yml --- - hosts: vpn remote_user: test gather_facts: False tasks: - name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/test-{{item}} with_items: - server-1 - server-2 - server-3 [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook multi_copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1) changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2) changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3) PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 total 96 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-1 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
E.根据条件进行删除
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 total 96 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-1 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid [root@puppet ansible]# cat delete.yml --- - hosts: vpn remote_user: test gather_facts: True tasks: - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1 shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1 when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************ changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 total 92 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
F.debug输出
[root@puppet ansible]# cat debug.yml --- - hosts: vpn remote_user: test gather_facts: True tasks: - name: debug to print interface debug: msg="{{item}}" with_items: ansible_default_ipv4.address [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook debug.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [debug to print interface] ********************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=10.10.32.34) => { "item": "10.10.32.34", "msg": "10.10.32.34" }
G.check模式,仅检测,但不实行
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 total 92 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k --check [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3) PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 H.diff
使用diff与不使用作对比
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 total 92 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k --diff [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** --- before +++ after @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ +server changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3) PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
9、主机信息查看
类似puppet的fact、salt的grains
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m setup -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success { "ansible_facts": { "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [ "10.10.32.34", "10.10.32.34" ], "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [ "fe80::f816:3eff:fe3e:1667" ], "ansible_architecture": "x86_64", "ansible_bios_date": "01/01/2007", "ansible_bios_version": "Bochs", "ansible_cmdline": { "KEYBOARDTYPE": "pc", "KEYTABLE": "us", "LANG": "zh_CN.UTF-8", "quiet": true, "rd_NO_DM": true, "rd_NO_LUKS": true, "rd_NO_LVM": true, "rd_NO_MD": true, "rhgb": true, "ro": true, "root": "UUID=c6042d42-8edb-4bb4-a31b-2197b043500c" },
数据太多,我就展示部分。
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