前后端如何实现登录token拦截校验详解

(编辑：jimmy 日期: 2024/11/17 浏览：3 次 )

一、场景与环境

最近需要写一下前后端分离下的登录解决方案，目前大多数都采用请求头携带 Token 的形式

1、我是名小白web工作者，每天都为自己的将来担心不已。第一次记录日常开发中的过程，如有表达不当，还请一笑而过；

2、本实例开发环境前端采用 angular框架，后端采用 springboot框架；

3、实现的目的如下：

"color: #ff0000">二、后端实现逻辑

注：部分代码参考网上各个大神的资料

整个服务端项目结构如下(登录token拦截只是在此工程下的一部分，文章结尾会贴上工程地址)：

1、新增AccessToken 类 model

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/**
 * @param access_token token字段;
 * @param token_type token类型字段;
 * @param expires_in token 有效期字段;
 */
public class AccessToken {
 private String access_token;
 private String token_type;
 private long expires_in;

 public String getAccess_token() {
  return access_token;
 }

 public void setAccess_token(String access_token) {
  this.access_token = access_token;
 }

 public String getToken_type() {
  return token_type;
 }

 public void setToken_type(String token_type) {
  this.token_type = token_type;
 }

 public long getExpires_in() {
  return expires_in;
 }

 public void setExpires_in(long expires_in) {
  this.expires_in = expires_in;
 }
}

2、新增Audience 类 model

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "audience")
public class Audience {
 private String clientId;
 private String base64Secret;
 private String name;
 private int expiresSecond;

 public String getClientId() {
  return clientId;
 }

 public void setClientId(String clientId) {
  this.clientId = clientId;
 }

 public String getBase64Secret() {
  return base64Secret;
 }

 public void setBase64Secret(String base64Secret) {
  this.base64Secret = base64Secret;
 }

 public String getName() {
  return name;
 }

 public void setName(String name) {
  this.name = name;
 }

 public int getExpiresSecond() {
  return expiresSecond;
 }

 public void setExpiresSecond(int expiresSecond) {
  this.expiresSecond = expiresSecond;
 }
}

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "audience")获取配置文件的信息（application.properties），如下：

server.port=8888
spring.profiles.active=dev
server.servlet.context-path=/movies

audience.clientId=098f6bcd4621d373cade4e832627b4f6
audience.base64Secret=MDk4ZjZiY2Q0NjIxZDM3M2NhZGU0ZTgzMjYyN2I0ZjY=
audience.name=xxx
audience.expiresSecond=1800

配置文件定义了端口号、根路径和audience相关字段的信息，（audience也是根据网上资料命名的），audience的功能主要在第一次登录时，生成有效token，然后将token的信息存入上述AccessToken类model中，方便登录成功后校验前端携带的token信息是否正确。

3、生成以jwt包的CreateTokenUtils 工具类

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 <dependency>
  <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
  <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
  <version>0.6.0</version>
 </dependency>

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public class CreateTokenUtils {
 private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CreateTokenUtils.class);

 /**
  *
  * @param request
  * @return s;
  * @throws Exception
  */
 public static ReturnModel checkJWT(HttpServletRequest request,String base64Secret)throws Exception{
  Boolean b = null;
  String auth = request.getHeader("Authorization");
  if((auth != null) && (auth.length() > 4)){
   String HeadStr = auth.substring(0,3).toLowerCase();
   if(HeadStr.compareTo("mso") == 0){
    auth = auth.substring(4,auth.length());
    logger.info("claims:"+parseJWT(auth,base64Secret));
    Claims claims = parseJWT(auth,base64Secret);
    b = claims==null"getUserInfoByRequest:"+ auth);
   return new ReturnModel(-1,b);
  }
  return new ReturnModel(0,b);
 }

 public static Claims parseJWT(String jsonWebToken, String base64Security){
  try
  {
   Claims claims = Jwts.parser()
     .setSigningKey(DatatypeConverter.parseBase64Binary(base64Security))
     .parseClaimsJws(jsonWebToken).getBody();
   return claims;
  }
  catch(Exception ex)
  {
   return null;
  }
 }
 public static String createJWT(String name,String audience, String issuer, long TTLMillis, String base64Security)
 {
  SignatureAlgorithm signatureAlgorithm = SignatureAlgorithm.HS256;

  long nowMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
  Date now = new Date(nowMillis);

  byte[] apiKeySecretBytes = DatatypeConverter.parseBase64Binary(base64Security);
  Key signingKey = new SecretKeySpec(apiKeySecretBytes, signatureAlgorithm.getJcaName());

  JwtBuilder builder = Jwts.builder().setHeaderParam("typ", "JWT")
    .claim("unique_name", name)
    .setIssuer(issuer)
    .setAudience(audience)
    .signWith(signatureAlgorithm, signingKey);
  if (TTLMillis >= 0) {
   long expMillis = nowMillis + TTLMillis;
   Date exp = new Date(expMillis);
   builder.setExpiration(exp).setNotBefore(now);
  }
  return builder.compact();
 }
}

此工具类有三个静态方法：

"color: #800000">注：Claims对象直接会将token的有效期进行判断是否过期，所以不需要再另写相关时间比对逻辑，前端的带来的时间与后台的配置文件audience的audience.expiresSecond=1800 Claims对象会直接解析

4、拦截器的实现HTTPBasicAuthorizeHandler类的实现

在typesHandlers文件夹中新建HTTPBasicAuthorizeHandler类，代码如下：

@WebFilter(filterName = "basicFilter",urlPatterns = "/*")
public class HTTPBasicAuthorizeHandler implements Filter {
 private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HTTPBasicAuthorizeHandler.class);
 private static final Set<String> ALLOWED_PATHS = Collections.unmodifiableSet(new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList("/person/exsit")));
 @Autowired
 private Audience audience;
 @Override
 public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
  logger.info("filter is init");
 }
 @Override
 public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
  logger.info("filter is start");
  try {
   logger.info("audience:"+audience.getBase64Secret());
   HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
   HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;
   String path = request.getRequestURI().substring(request.getContextPath().length()).replaceAll("[/]+$", "");
   logger.info("url:"+path);
   Boolean allowedPath = ALLOWED_PATHS.contains(path);
   if(allowedPath){
    filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
   }else {
    ReturnModel returnModel = CreateTokenUtils.checkJWT((HttpServletRequest)servletRequest,audience.getBase64Secret());
    if(returnModel.getCode() == 0){
     filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
    }else {
     // response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
//     response.setContentType("application/json; charset=utf-8");
//     response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
//     ReturnModel rm = new ReturnModel();
//     response.getWriter().print(rm);
    }
   }
  } catch (Exception e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
 }
 @Override
 public void destroy() {
  logger.info("filter is destroy");
 }
}

此类继承Filter类，所以重写的三个方法init、doFitler、destory，重点拦截的功能在doFitler方法中：

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private static final Set<String> ALLOWED_PATHS = Collections.unmodifiableSet(new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList("/person/exsit")));

这里面的我的登录接口路径是“/person/exsit”，所以在将前端请求路径分解：

String path = request.getRequestURI().substring(request.getContextPath().length()).replaceAll("[/]+$", "");

两者进行如下比对：

Boolean allowedPath = ALLOWED_PATHS.contains(path);

根据allowedPath 的值进行判断是否拦截；

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ReturnModel returnModel = CreateTokenUtils.checkJWT((HttpServletRequest)servletRequest,audience.getBase64Secret());

ReturnModel 是我定义的返回类型结构，在model文件下；

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原因前端angular实现的拦截器和后端会冲突，导致前端代码异常，后面会详细说明。

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直接在拦截类上添加注释的方法，urlPatterns是你过滤的路径，还需在服务启动的地方配置

注：这里面过滤的路径不包括配置文件的根路径，比如说前端访问接口路径“/movies/people/exist”，这里面的movies是根路径，在配置文件中配置，如果你想拦截这个路径，则urlPatterns=”/people/exist“即可。

5、登录类的实现

在controller文件夹中新建PersonController类，代码如下

/**
 * Created by jdj on 2018/4/23.
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/person")
public class PersonController {
 private final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PersonController.class);
 @Autowired
 private PersonBll personBll;
 @Autowired
 private Audience audience;
 /**
  * @content:根据id对应的person
  * @param id=1;
  * @return returnModel
  */
 @RequestMapping(value = "/exsit",method = RequestMethod.POST)
 public ReturnModel exsit(
   @RequestParam(value = "userName") String userName,
   @RequestParam(value = "passWord") String passWord
 ){
  String md5PassWord = Md5Utils.getMD5(passWord);
  String id = personBll.getPersonExist(userName,md5PassWord);
  if(id == null||id.length()<0){
   return new ReturnModel(-1,null);
  }else {
   Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
   Person person = personBll.getPerson(id);
   map.put("person",person);
   String accessToken = CreateTokenUtils
     .createJWT(userName,audience.getClientId(), audience.getName(),audience.getExpiresSecond() * 1000, audience.getBase64Secret());
   AccessToken accessTokenEntity = new AccessToken();
   accessTokenEntity.setAccess_token(accessToken);
   accessTokenEntity.setExpires_in(audience.getExpiresSecond());
   accessTokenEntity.setToken_type("bearer");
   map.put("accessToken",accessTokenEntity);
   return new ReturnModel(0,map);
  }
 }
 /**
  * @content:list
  * @param null;
  * @return returnModel
  */
 @RequestMapping(value = "/list",method = RequestMethod.GET)
 public ReturnModel list(){
  List<Person> list = personBll.selectAll();
  if(list.size()==0){
   return new ReturnModel(-1,null);
  }else {
   return new ReturnModel(0,list);
  }
 }

 @RequestMapping(value = "/item",method = RequestMethod.GET)
 public ReturnModel getItem(
   @RequestParam(value = "id") String id
 ){
  Person person = personBll.getPerson(id);
  if(person != null){
   return new ReturnModel(0,person);
  }else {
   return new ReturnModel(-1,"无此用户");
  }
 }
}

前端调用这个类的接口路径：“/movies/people/exist”

首先它会查询数据库

 String id = personBll.getPersonExist(userName,md5PassWord);

如果查询存在，创建accessToken

 String accessToken = CreateTokenUtils
 .createJWT(userName,audience.getClientId(), audience.getName(),audience.getExpiresSecond() * 1000, audience.getBase64Secret());

最后整合返回到前端model

AccessToken accessTokenEntity = new AccessToken();
   accessTokenEntity.setAccess_token(accessToken);
   accessTokenEntity.setExpires_in(audience.getExpiresSecond());
   accessTokenEntity.setToken_type("bearer");
   map.put("accessToken",accessTokenEntity);
   return new ReturnModel(0,map);

这个controller类中还有两个接口供前端登陆成功后调用。

以上都是服务端的实现逻辑，接下来说明前端的实现逻辑，我本身是前端小码农，后端只是大多是不会的，如有错误，请一笑而过哈~_~哈

三、前端实现逻辑

前端使用angular框架，目录如下

上述app文件下common 存一些共同组建（分页、弹框）、component存一些整体布局框架、
page是各个页面组件，service是请求接口聚集地，shared是表单自定义校验；所以这里面都有相关的angular2+表单校验、http请求、分页、angular动画等各种实现逻辑。

1、前端http请求（确切的说httpClient请求）

所有的请求都在service文件夹service.service.ts文件中，代码如下：

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { HttpClient,HttpHeaders } from "@angular/common/http";
import { Observable } from 'rxjs/Observable';
import 'rxjs/add/operator/map';
import 'rxjs/add/observable/forkJoin';

@Injectable()
export class ServiceService {
 movies:string;
 httpOptions:Object;
 constructor(public http:HttpClient) {
 this.movies = "/movies";
 this.httpOptions = {
  headers:new HttpHeaders({
  'Content-Type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8',
  }),
 }
 }
 /**登录模块开始*/
 loginMovies(body){
 const url = this.movies+"/person/exsit";
 const param = 'userName='+body.userName+"&passWord="+body.password;
 return this.http.post(url,param,this.httpOptions);
 }
 /**登录模块结束*/
 //首页;
 getPersonItem(param){
 const url = this.movies+"/person/item";
 return this.http.get(url,{params:param});
 }
 //个人中心
 getPersonList(){
 const url = this.movies+"/person/list";
 return this.http.get(url);
 /**首页模块结束 */
}

上述有三个请求与后端personController类中三个接口方法一一对应，这里面的请求方式官网有，这里不做赘述，this.httpOptions是设置请求头。然后再app.modules.ts中添加到provides，所谓的依赖注入，这样就可以在各个页面调用servcie方法了

 providers: [ServiceService,httpInterceptorProviders]

httpInterceptorProviders 是前端拦截器，前端每次请求结果都会出现成功或者错误，所以在拦截器中统一处理返回结果使代码更简洁。

2、前端拦截器的实现

在app文件在新建InterceptorService.ts文件，代码如下：

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { HttpEvent,HttpInterceptor,HttpHandler,HttpRequest,HttpResponse} from "@angular/common/http";
import {Observable} from "rxjs/Observable";
import { ErrorObservable } from 'rxjs/observable/ErrorObservable';
import { mergeMap } from 'rxjs/operators';
import {Router} from '@angular/router';

@Injectable()
export class InterceptorService implements HttpInterceptor{
 constructor(
  private router:Router,
 ){ }
 authorization:string = "";
 authReq:any;
 intercept(req:HttpRequest<any>,next:HttpHandler):Observable<HttpEvent<any{
  this.authorization = "mso " + localStorage.getItem("accessToken");
  
  if (req.url.indexOf('/person/exsit') === -1) {
   this.authReq = req.clone({
    url:req.url,
    headers:req.headers.set("Authorization",this.authorization)
   });
  }else{
   this.authReq = req.clone({
    url:req.url,
   });
  }
  return next.handle(this.authReq).pipe(mergeMap((event:any) => {
   if(event instanceof HttpResponse && event.body === null){
    return this.handleData(event);
   }
   return Observable.create(observer => observer.next(event));
  }));
 }
 private handleData(event: HttpResponse<any>): Observable<any> {
  // 业务处理：一些通用操作
  switch (event.status) {
   case 200:
   if (event instanceof HttpResponse) {
    const body: any = event.body;
    if (body === null) {
     this.backForLoginOut();
    }
   }
   break;
   case 401: // 未登录状态码
   this.backForLoginOut();
   break;
   case 404:
   case 500:
   break;
   default:
   return ErrorObservable.create(event);
  }
 }
 private backForLoginOut(){
  if(localStorage.getItem("accessToken") !== null || localStorage.getItem("person")!== null){
   localStorage.removeItem("accessToken");
   localStorage.removeItem("person");
  }
   if(localStorage.getItem("accessToken") === null && localStorage.getItem("person") === null){
   this.router.navigateByUrl('/login');
  }
 }
}

拦截器的实现官网也详细说明了，但是拦截器有几大坑：

"@angular/http"包http，那么拦截器无效，你可能需要另一种写法了，angular4、5、6都是采用import { HttpClient,HttpHeaders } from "@angular/common/http"包下HttpClient和请求头HttpHeaders ；

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return next.handle(this.authReq).pipe(mergeMap((event:any) => {
   if(event instanceof HttpResponse && event.body === null){
    return this.handleData(event);
   }
   return Observable.create(observer => observer.next(event));
  }));

打断点查看这个方法一次请求会循环两次，第一次event:{type:0} ,第二次才会返回对象，截图如下：

第一次

第二次

但是如果以我上述后端拦截器token无效的情况处理代码（就是我注释的那段代码，我注释的代码重点的作用是返回401,可以回看），这个逻辑只循环一次，所以我将后端代码返回token无效的代码注释，前端拦截器在后端代码注释的情况下第二次返回的event结果体存在event.body=== null ,以这个条件进行token是否有效判断;

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