基于vue-ssr服务端渲染入门详解

<script>window.__initial_state=data</script>

"dependencies": {
 "axios": "^0.16.2",
 "es6-promise": "^4.1.1",
 "express": "^4.15.4",
 "lodash": "^4.17.4",
 "q": "git+https://github.com/kriskowal/q.git",
 "qs": "^6.5.0",
 "vue": "^2.4.2",
 "vue-router": "^2.7.0",
 "vue-server-renderer": "^2.4.2",
 "vuex": "^2.3.1"
 },
 "devDependencies": {
 "autoprefixer": "^7.1.2",
 "babel-core": "^6.25.0",
 "babel-loader": "^7.1.1",
 "babel-plugin-syntax-dynamic-import": "^6.18.0",
 "babel-plugin-transform-runtime": "^6.22.0",
 "babel-preset-env": "^1.6.0",
 "babel-preset-stage-2": "^6.22.0",
 "compression": "^1.7.1",
 "cross-env": "^5.0.5",
 "css-loader": "^0.28.4",
 "extract-text-webpack-plugin": "^3.0.0",
 "file-loader": "^0.11.2",
 "friendly-errors-webpack-plugin": "^1.6.1",
 "glob": "^7.1.2",
 "less": "^2.7.2",
 "less-loader": "^2.2.3",
 "lru-cache": "^4.1.1",
 "mockjs": "^1.0.1-beta3",
 "style-loader": "^0.19.0",
 "sw-precache-webpack-plugin": "^0.11.4",
 "url-loader": "^0.5.9",
 "vue-loader": "^13.0.4",
 "vue-style-loader": "^3.0.3",
 "vue-template-compiler": "^2.4.2",
 "vuex-router-sync": "^4.2.0",
 "webpack": "^3.5.0",
 "webpack-dev-middleware": "^1.12.0",
 "webpack-hot-middleware": "^2.18.2",
 "webpack-merge": "^4.1.0",
 "webpack-node-externals": "^1.6.0"
 }

├── LICENSE
├── README.md
├── build
│ ├── setup-dev-server.js
│ ├── vue-loader.config.js
│ ├── webpack.base.config.js
│ ├── webpack.client.config.js
│ └── webpack.server.config.js
├── log
│ ├── err.log
│ └── out.log
├── package.json
├── pmlog.json
├── server.js
└── src
 ├── App.vue
 ├── app.js
 ├── assets
 │ ├── images
 │ ├── style
 │ │ └── css.less
 │ └── views
 │  └── index.css
 ├── components
 │ ├── Banner.vue
 │ ├── BottomNav.vue
 │ ├── FloorOne.vue
 │ └── Header.vue
 ├── entry-client.js
 ├── entry-server.js
 ├── index.template.html
 ├── public
 │ ├── conf.js
 │ └── utils
 │  ├── api.js
 │  └── confUtils.js
 ├── router
 │ └── index.js
 ├── static
 │ ├── img
 │ │ └── favicon.ico
 │ └── js
 │  └── flexible.js
 ├── store
 │ ├── actions.js
 │ ├── getters.js
 │ ├── index.js
 │ ├── modules
 │ │ └── Home.js
 │ ├── mutationtypes.js
 │ └── state.js
 └── views
  └── index
   ├── conf.js
   ├── index.vue
   ├── mock.js
   └── service.js

import Vue from 'vue';
import App from './index.vue';
import router from './router'
import store from './store';

new Vue({
 el: '#app',
 store,
 router,
 render: (h) => h(App)
});

import Home from '../views/index/index.vue'
// 改写成
component: () => ('../views/index/index.vue')

import Vue from 'vue'
import Router from 'vue-router';
Vue.use(Router)
export function createRouter() {
 return new Router({
  mode: 'history',
  routes: [{
   name:'Home',
   path: '/',
   component: () =>
    import ('../views/index/index.vue')
  }]
 })
}

// store.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
import * as actions from './actions'
import getters from './getters'
import modules from './modules/index'
Vue.use(Vuex)
export function createStore() {
 return new Vuex.Store({
 actions,
 getters,
 modules,
 strict: false
 })
}

import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import { createRouter } from './router'
import { createStore } from './store'
import { sync } from 'vuex-router-sync'
require('./assets/style/css.less');
export function createApp () {
 // 创建 router 和 store 实例
 const router = createRouter()
 const store = createStore()
 // 同步路由状态(route state)到 store
 sync(store, router)
 // 创建应用程序实例，将 router 和 store 注入
 const app = new Vue({
 router,
 store,
 render: h => h(App)
 })
 // 暴露 app, router 和 store。
 return { app, router, store }
}

import { createApp } from './app'
const { app, router, store } = createApp()

import { createApp } from './app'
const { app, router, store } = createApp()
router.onReady(() => {
 app.$mount('#app')
})

router.beforeResolve((to, from, next) => {
 // to 和 from 都是 路由信息对象
 // 返回目标位置或是当前路由匹配的组件数组（是数组的定义/构造类，不是实例）。通常在服务端渲染的数据预加载时时候。
 const matched = router.getMatchedComponents(to)
 const prevMatched = router.getMatchedComponents(from)
})

// 将服务端渲染时候的状态写入vuex中
if (window.__INITIAL_STATE__) {
 store.replaceState(window.__INITIAL_STATE__)
}

import { createApp } from './app'
import Q from 'q'
import Vue from 'vue'

Vue.mixin({
 beforeRouteUpdate (to, from, next) {
 const { asyncData } = this.$options
 if (asyncData) {
  asyncData({
  store: this.$store,
  route: to
  }).then(next).catch(next)
 } else {
  next()
 }
 }
})
const { app, router, store } = createApp()

// 将服务端渲染时候的状态写入vuex中
if (window.__INITIAL_STATE__) {
 store.replaceState(window.__INITIAL_STATE__)
}

router.onReady(() => {
 router.beforeResolve((to, from, next) => {
  const matched = router.getMatchedComponents(to)
  const prevMatched = router.getMatchedComponents(from)
  // 我们只关心之前没有渲染的组件
  // 所以我们对比它们，找出两个匹配列表的差异组件
  let diffed = false
  const activated = matched.filter((c, i) => {
  return diffed || (diffed = (prevMatched[i] !== c))
  })
  if (!activated.length) {
  return next()
  }
  // 这里如果有加载指示器(loading indicator)，就触发
  Q.all(activated.map(c => {
  if (c.asyncData) {
   return c.asyncData({ store, route: to })
  }
  })).then(() => {
  // 停止加载指示器(loading indicator)
  next()
  }).catch(next)
 })
 app.$mount('#app')
})

//直接定义组件内部asyncData方法来触发相应的ajax获取数据
if (Component.asyncData) {
 return Component.asyncData({
 store,
 route: router.currentRoute
 })
}

import { createApp } from './app'
import Q from 'q'
export default context => {
 return new Q.Promise((resolve, reject) => {
 const { app, router, store } = createApp()
 router.push(context.url)
 router.onReady(() => {
  const matchedComponents = router.getMatchedComponents()
  if (!matchedComponents.length) {
  return reject({ code: 404 })
  }
  // 对所有匹配的路由组件调用 `asyncData()`
  Q.all(matchedComponents.map(Component => {
  if (Component.asyncData) {
   return Component.asyncData({
   store,
   route: router.currentRoute
   })
  }
  })).then(() => {
  // 在所有预取钩子(preFetch hook) resolve 后，
  // 我们的 store 现在已经填充入渲染应用程序所需的状态。
  // 当我们将状态附加到上下文，
  // 并且 `template` 选项用于 renderer 时，
  // 状态将自动序列化为 `window.__INITIAL_STATE__`，并注入 HTML。
  context.state = store.state
  resolve(app)
  }).catch(reject)
 }, reject)
 })
}

const Vue = require('vue')
const express = require('express')
const path = require('path')
const LRU = require('lru-cache')
const { createBundleRenderer } = require('vue-server-renderer')
const fs = require('fs')
const net = require('net')

const template = fs.readFileSync('./src/index.template.html', 'utf-8')
const isProd = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production'

const resolve = file => path.resolve(__dirname, file)
function createRenderer (bundle, options) {
 return createBundleRenderer(bundle, Object.assign(options, {
 template,
 cache: LRU({
  max: 1000,
  maxAge: 1000 * 60 * 15
 }),
 basedir: resolve('./dist'),
 runInNewContext: false
 }))
}
let renderer;
let readyPromise
if (isProd) {
 const bundle = require('./dist/vue-ssr-server-bundle.json')
 const clientManifest = require('./dist/vue-ssr-client-manifest.json')
 renderer = createRenderer(bundle, {
 clientManifest
 })
} else {
 readyPromise = require('./build/setup-dev-server')(server, (bundle, options) => {
 renderer = createRenderer(bundle, options)
 })
}

const server = express()；

//定义在启动服务钱先判断中间件中的缓存是否过期，是否直接调用dist文件。
const serve = (path, cache) => express.static(resolve(path), {
 maxAge: cache && isProd "htmlcode">

function probe(port, callback) {
 let servers = net.createServer().listen(port)
 let calledOnce = false
 let timeoutRef = setTimeout(function() {
  calledOnce = true
  callback(false, port)
 }, 2000)
 timeoutRef.unref()
 let connected = false
 servers.on('listening', function() {
  clearTimeout(timeoutRef)

  if (servers)
   servers.close()

  if (!calledOnce) {
   calledOnce = true
   callback(true, port)
  }
 })
 servers.on('error', function(err) {
  clearTimeout(timeoutRef)

  let result = true
  if (err.code === 'EADDRINUSE')
   result = false

  if (!calledOnce) {
   calledOnce = true
   callback(result, port)
  }
 })
}
const checkPortPromise = new Promise((resolve) => {
 (function serverport(_port) {
  let pt = _port || 8080;
  probe(pt, function(bl, _pt) {
   // 端口被占用 bl 返回false
   // _pt：传入的端口号
   if (bl === true) {
    // console.log("\n Static file server running at" + "\n\n=> http://localhost:" + _pt + '\n');
    resolve(_pt);
   } else {
    serverport(_pt + 1)
   }
  })
 })()

})
checkPortPromise.then(data => {
 uri = 'http://localhost:' + data;
 console.log('启动服务路径'+uri)
 server.listen(data);
});




到这里，基本的代码已经编写完成，webpack打包配置文件基本和官方保持不变，接下来可以尝试启动本地的项目服务，这里简要的使用网易严选首页作为demo示例，结果如下：

第三部分 mockjs和axios配合使用
1、前言
上一节大致介绍了服务端和客户端入口文件代码内容，现在已经可以正常运行你的后端渲染脚手架了，这一节，跟大家分享下如何使用axios做ajax请求，如何使用mockjs做本地假数据，跑通本地基本逻辑，为以后前后端连调做准备。
2、前期准备
需要用npm安装axios，mockjs依赖包,由于mockjs只是代码开发的辅助工具，所以安装的时候我会加--save-dev来区分，具体可以根据自己的需求来定，当然，如果有mock服务平台的话，可以直接走mock平台造假数据，本地直接访问mock平台的接口，例如可以使用阿里的Rap平台管理工具生成。


npm install axios --save
npm install mockjs --save-dev


3、简要介绍axios
其他请求方式，代码示例如下：


axios.request(config);
axios.get(url[,config]);
axios.delete(url[,config]);
axios.head(url[,config]);
axios.post(url[,data[,config]]);
axios.put(url[,data[,config]])
axios.patch(url[,data[,config]])


具体详细可以点击查看axios基本使用介绍
api.js完整代码如下：


import axios from 'axios'
import qs from 'qs'
import Q from 'q'
/**
 * 兼容 不支持promise 的低版本浏览器
 */
require('es6-promise').polyfill();
import C from '../conf'

axios.defaults.headers.post['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8'
axios.defaults.withCredentials = true

function ajax(url, type, options) {

 return Q.Promise((resolve, reject) => {
 axios({
  method: type,
  url: C.HOST + url,
  params: type === 'get' "htmlcode">

module.exports = {
 HOST: "http://www.xxx.com",
 DEBUGMOCK: true
};


2、在views/index根目录下新建conf.js，定义组件mock的请求路径，并且定义是否开始单个组件使用mock数据还是线上接口数据，代码如下：


const PAGEMOCK = true;
const MODULECONF = {
 index: {
 NAME: '首页',
 MOCK: true,
 API: {
  GET: '/api/home',
 }
 }
};



3、在组件内部定义mockjs来编写mock假数据，代码如下：


import Mock from 'mockjs';
const mData = {
 index: {
 API: {
  GET: {
  "code": 200,
  "data": {
   "pin": 'wangqi',
   "name": '王奇'
  }
  }
 }
 }
}


以上就是基本的流程，如果有更好更灵活的使用方案，希望能够参与沟通并且分享，项目工作流已经在github上分享，并且会继续维护更新， 点击查看详情，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。